Water is a vital resource in arid regions, and irrigation systems, often with sophisticated distribution networks, have played a significant role in the Islamic world since ancient times.

A series of photographs from various countries showcase aflaj (plural of falaj) in Oman and the UAE, qanats in Iran, basins for collecting or storing water (Yemen), dams (Yemen), and wells of various types and functions, such as the so-called stepped wells (baolis) in India.

Two manuscripts dedicated to the aflaj system are also presented.

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